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Archaeobotanical characteristics of plant macroremains of Bronze Age and Iron Age deposits from south Bohemia in settlement and burial contexts
ŠÁLKOVÁ, Tereza
The thesis deals with archaeobotanical analysis and its possible contribution in different types of Bronze Age and Iron Age archaeological contexts. Using this method on selected excavations of the period under study in southern Bohemia, it was possible to capture the species structure of cultivated plants and its development during the studied period. In the context of central Europe, the composition of the plants cultivated in southern Bohemia was closer to the Alpine region in the Early and Middle Bronze Age. In the Late and Final Bronze Age, the composition of the spectrum of cultivated plants in southern Bohemia was distinctive, but closer to the core areas of Bohemia. In the Iron Age, the individual South Bohemian assemblages were different, which was, however, also typical for the Alpine and core areas of Bohemia. However, both of these regions differed from the eastern regions. Archaeobotany made it possible to reconstruct open agricultural landscapes with a high deforestation in the hinterland of hillforts and settlements of the Early and Middle Bronze Age, as well as in the hinterland of model settlements of the Late Bronze Age in the Bechyně region - Hvožďany and Březnice. The deforested landscape was also reflected in the burial on the fringe of the Iron Age settled area in Zahrádka by Český Krumlov. During the period under study the use of plant resources and the economic importance of plant foraging in the hinterland of settlements and around burial sites has been documented. Archaeobotany allowed reconstructing details of the processes related to the deposition of metal hoards in the Bronze Age, processes related to the burial rite and the use of the landscape in the vicinity of the burial sites, as well as processes of waste disposal in the settlements.
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Climatic variability during Iron and Roman Iron Ages: Overview of recent research and case study of Bohemia
VOBEJDA, Libor
The thesis is focused mainly on climatic development during iron and roman iron ages and influence of climate on human populations in observed time period. First half of the body of this thesis is dedicated to paleoclimatological methods. Understanding of principles, strenghts and weaknesses of these methods is crucial for proper interpretation of climatic proxy. Few pages with description of the influence of climatic pattern of North Atlantic oscillation on climate of central Europe are also present in this thesis. The main part is the ountline of possible climate development which is based on various environmental proxy. The last part is Linked to the climatic reconstruction which is aiming to describe possible effect of climatic variability on migration and spatial structure of human settlement.
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The Tel Arad Sanctuary in the Light of New Archaeological Evidence. The Latest Cultic Findings form the Kingdom of Judah.
Moulis, David Rafael ; Čapek, Filip (advisor) ; Charvát, Petr (referee) ; Chalupa, Petr (referee)
The presented thesis focuses on the comparison of the Tel Arad sanctuary with other Judean archeological sites (Beersheba, Lachish, Khirbet Qeiyafa, Tel Moza, Tel Halif), where an archaeological evidence of cultic places from the Iron Age IIa-b was found. A realistic reconstruction of the Arad and the Judean cults in the light of the latest findings was possible only after a research of epigraphic materials from Kuntillet Ajrud, Khirbet el-Qom and Khirbet Beit Lei. The thesis also analyzes the smaller cultic artefacts which are connected to the popular religion. The first evidence of the Judean cult dates back to the late 11th or early 10th century B.C.E. and was found in Khirbet Qeiyafa. Nevertheless, most of the findings are from the official legitimate and illegitimate cultic sites of the 8th century B.C.E. In the end, they were canceled by different rendition (e.g. they were abandoned, dismantled or buried under the layer of earthen fill). Many of the archaeological sites are still under excavation, which means, that the collection of the material culture is going to be larger and significantly more varied. We can use these artifacts to reconstruct and understand ancient Judean cult. There is a high possibility that the new future findings will challenge original theories from the last decades....
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Rampant architecture in the Iron age central Italy
Staničová, Jana ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Musil, Jiří (referee)
This bachelor thesis adresses pre-Roman fortifications in the lands of Etruria and ancient Umbria. First part contains descriptions of various types of masonry used in this area and their classification into typological categories. Fortifications were set directly in steep slopes, hence the thesis also deals with technical solutions to this issue. Second part is written in the form of catalogue sorted by the cities. It describes placement of the fortifications, type of the used masonry and materials. Dating follows typological, functional and historical criteria. Inherent part of fortifications are gates, which, if preserved, are mentioned in the catalogue. The aim of the thesis is not only to create catalogue of fortifications, but their analysis and comparison. For lucidity, accumulated information is converted into the tables, graphs and maps, while stressing their common signs, like type of masonry and the time they were built. Created maps allow us to observe changes in type of masonry and used material in particular time periods.Thesis aims to provide compact overview of Etrurian defence architecture and mark the changes and evolution that fortifications in these areas went through during the Iron Age. Keywords: ancient Etruria, ancient Umbria, fortification, masonry, archeology, Iron Age.
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The settlement the iron age and the issue of Hallstatt settlement in České Budějovice
CHRASTOVÁ, Dominika
The aim of bachelor thesis is the processing of finding fund from iron age in Čakov district České Budějovice. The work deals with the proces of the whole research, which was conducted in 2001 and 2003, namely fragments of pottery, iron slang, daub and other findings. Monitoring was primarily the overal distribution of the materiál in probes, it´s technology and the decorative features. Thesis also deals with the analysis of iron slag from Čakov distric České Budějovice and it´s possible interpretation as a place of compacting iron in the late hallstatt.
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Historicity of King David, the state of discussion
HOŘICOVÁ, Eva
The work deals with the historicity of King David, how muchcorresponds to the biblical story of David's ancient reality. Usingarchaeological survey of contemporary Israel and is run in the end of the 19th century. AD, the scientific community is divided into two main directions Maximalists conservative and liberal minimalists try to objectively assess the time of David the United Kingdom. The aim of my work is to capture the state of discussions withrepresentatives of scientists and scholars on the subject. The firstsection describes the basic concepts and contexts related to the topic with an introduction to the study and interpretation of thestudied biblical story of David. The second part is devoted to the interpretation of arguments and opinions of authors of publications,with perspectives on the historical authenticity of the biblical story of David. In conclusion, the thesis I try to summarize all the work using the main data connection, and data along with archeologicalfindings and express their personal opinion
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